Publications
Associations of HIV with Manifestations of Long COVID in a Medicaid Managed Care Population
2023
Brennan-Ing, M., Wu, Y., Brandenburg, C., Fusaris, E., Overbey, R., & Ernst, J. (2023, Nov. 12-15). Associations of HIV with manifestations of long COVID in a Medicaid managed care population [poster]. American Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Expo, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Mark Brennan-Ing and Yiyi Wu
Participants’ mean age was 45.4 years (SD=11.9) and most were Black or Latinx (43.7% and 39.4%, respectively), while 31.7% had inadequate incomes and 77.5% were HIV-positive. Long COVID symptoms of 6 months or more were reported by 45.8% (M=4.8, SD=7.8). The most frequent symptoms were fatigue (19%), muscle aches/bone or joint pain (19.7%), brain fog (20.4%), and neck/back pain (21.8%).
Safety and efficiency of Ambien (Zolpidem) in children and adults under the age of 18 has not been established. During the 8-week study involving children and adolescents (aged 6 to 17) suffering from insomnia caused by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the most frequent adverse reactions caused by the use of Ambien (compared to placebo) were mental and nervous system disorders, such as vertigo (23.5 % vs. 1.5 %), headache (12.5% vs. 9.2 %) and hallucinations (7.4 % vs. 0 %).
Multiple regression analysis found the number of long COVID symptoms lasting 6 months or more was significantly associated with inadequate incomes and comorbidities (cardiac problems, cancer, fibromyalgia). Race/ethnicity and HIV serostatus were not associated with long COVID; the small size of the comparator groups for these variables is a limitation.
In conclusion, we found that people with low socioeconomic status and health comorbidities were more likely to experience long COVID. Providers serving patients with a history of COVID should screen for long COVID symptoms and offer treatment as available.